Archive for the ‘Peak China’ Category

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China’s demography bomb

April 20, 2012

The Economist has a new story today called China’s Achilles Heel, focusing on their declining birth rate and rapidly aging population.   If current rates hold, then by 2050 China is expected to have over 350 million citizens over the age of 65 – about 1/4 of their projected population – and at least 30% of that number is expected to be 80 or over.  This will put an increasing burden on Chinese social services and health care systems.  This is part of what I have taken to calling “Peak China.”  China is probably at or near the peak of its economic power right now, and its wave will crest before it passes the United States.

It is the other rising Asian giant that is destined to surpass the United States and become the next leading world power.  India has nearly as large a population as does China, and its fertility rate is much higher.  This means that, not only will it continue to grow, it will not age as rapidly and the economy will have sufficient numbers of young, productive workers to support a modern state.  Additionally, India currently has an adult literacy rate of only 63%, vs. China’s 94%.  This means that India has much more intellectual capacity to mine and develop for the knowledge economies of the 21st century, while China has nearly maximized its own potential.

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Whither China? Chinese leaders ponder choice between 2 economic models

December 19, 2011

The European Council on Foreign Relations has produced a new China Analysis that compares two models for the Chinese economy that leaders are debating as they consider China’s future path.  The models are named after two Chinese geographical entities- the city of Chongqing in Central China, and the Southeastern coastal province of Guangdong.  The Chongqing model is largely a continuation of the current scheme – luring foreign investment and rapidly growing GDP through large exports.  The Guangdong model, on the other hand, is a move away from the export based strategy and an attempt to build a sector leading high tech economy.  The Chongqing model, I think, is nearing (and possibly has already reached) its peak; the Guangdong model, on the other hand, presents a difficult road and is far from a sure thing.    

Read the whole thing.

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China: Dirty dirt

December 6, 2011

Two weeks ago, I posted about China’s Dirty Water – the high level of industrial pollution in China’s drinking water.

Today, it is the dirt itself that is causing concern.  According to the Hong Kong Standard:

About 10 percent of farmland in the mainland contains excessive levels of heavy metals due to contaminated water and poisonous waste seeping into the soil, state media said, citing a survey by the environmental protection ministry.

Pollution from lead, mercury and cancer-causing cadmium is often blamed for poisoning entire villages and crop-growing land as factory bosses flout environmental laws and farmers use toxic fertilizers. “Heavy metal pollution incidents have occurred repeatedly in recent years,” Wan Bentai, chief engineer at the ministry, said.

The report in the Southern Metropolis Daily did not say what level of heavy metals is considered excessive or how much of the country’s agricultural land contains toxins.

Many analysts project that, relatively quickly, China will overtake the US as the world’s largest economy.  However, it remains to be seen whether China can maintain the industrial policies that are fueling its growth at the same time they are poisoning its environment.

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Dirty Water

November 22, 2011

The Standells had a garage rock classic with their ode to the city of Boston and its famously polluted harbor fed by the equally polluted Charles River.

“I love that dirty water/Boston, you’re my home”

Perhaps some Beijing cover band can update with a reference to their own home town.  According to a recent report in the South China Morning Post, China is suffering from massive, widespread contamination of their groundwater.

Only a small part of the findings of the nationwide survey appears to have been made public by the Ministry of Land and Resources. But it paints a grim picture that analysts say yet again highlights the severity of the country’s water pollution problems – and the government’s failure to tackle environmental challenges.

It contains startling revelations that support Premier Wen Jiabao’s recent warnings about worsening water quality – especially pollution of underground water sources, from where nearly 70 per cent of the population get their drinking water.

Wen told a State Council meeting two months ago that groundwater contamination posed grave challenges to public health and threatened to derail the country’s social and economic development.

. . . Officials are increasingly vocal about mounting environmental problems and their dire consequences, but all this talk has yet to be translated into any concrete steps to change the situation.

More than 57 per cent of groundwater is substandard and 17 per cent of extremely poor quality, according to the survey of 182 cities last year. In addition, a marked deterioration in quality was widely seen in the northern regions.

While manufacturing jobs are beginning to return to the US (especially the American South), we appear to have successfully exported our pollution to China.

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Containing China even as she peaks

November 17, 2011

It is my belief that, while it continues to be a major economic force and will challenge US supremacy in the coming decades, China’s long term potential is at or near its peak.  Like a supertanker that takes a long time to turn, this peak may not be evident for awhile, and policy makers will continue to make moves as if China is still, inevitably, rising.  Still, the signs that China has peaked are around.   Yesterday, there was a report that a major Chinese economist had made a secret speech claiming that many of China’s financial numbers are fabricated and that, in fact, the nation is close to bankruptcy.  Today, it is Amitai Etzioni at National Interest, with an essay on the Overblown Fears About China’s Rise.

Of course, this does not mean that China is suddenly rendered impotent.  Indeed, as they recognize their peak, they may become more dangerous, knowing that their moment is slipping away.  For that reason, the US will still attend to its coalitioning moves, strengthening ties with allies surrounding China. Earlier this week, we noted the moves to share the advanced F-35 aircraft withIndia and Japan.  Yesterday, it was announced that the US would establish a naval presence in Northern Australia.   These moves are not just aimed at China, but also at the various nations of the Southern Asian periphery that have concerns about China.  A US presence in the region serves to bring many of them into our orbit, as analysts in India have already noted:

The US move to create a naval base in northern Australia close to the South China Sea can actually mean more dollars in the Indian kitty, and put more strategic and business opportunities in New Delhi’s way, sources said. The first piece of evidence has come by way of Australia’s decision to sell uranium to India.

The US move will provide a sense of protection to East Asian countries including Japan, who have serious conflicts with China but buy vast amounts of Chinese goods. The new found protection will encourage East Asia to reduce its dependence on China for goods and enhance economic ties with India, sources said.

“Japan, Vietnam and Indonesia will feel more secure. India and Indonesia can get together to control the Malacca Straits, which is the route though which 90% of Chinese goods to East Asia passes,” Subramanian Swamy, Janata Party president and a widely regarded China expert, told TNN.

I have not agreed with everything they have done (especially the failure to maximize the strategic domestic energy resources), but this is a very strong move by the Obama Administration.

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Peak China

November 8, 2011

Walter Russell Mead reports that world economic growth is expected to continue to be sluggish in coming years, led by rapid decline in China and India.  China’s model is based on explosive growth, and a slackening to what would be robust growth (3.5%) in the West would undermine the regime.

Read the whole thing.

 

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Chinese intransigence on dam projects worries neighbors

June 22, 2011

I have written previously on China’s massive hydro electric plans for the upper Brahmaputra River and tributaries.  Despite the Chinese government’s recent admission to serious environmental problems stemming from the construction of the Three Gorges dam, and despite existing complaints from their downstream neighbors negatively effected by their extensive damming of the Mekong, China appears to be continuing with plans for as many as 24 new projects along the Brahmaputra.  A recent editorial in the Times of India blasted China for it’s “abhorrence of any proposal to share natural resources,” and listed a growing number of nations that have been effected by recent Chinese high-handedness (Russia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and India itself).

China, self-secure in its economic power, may be overplaying its hand.  With its aging population and flattening birthrate, the centralized economic system may be nearing the limits of it’s growth at the same time that it is almost forcing it’s neighbors into the balancing coalition (opens as a pdf file) that it has always feared.   Personally, I believe that Chinese power has reached or nearly reached it’s apex – we are at or approaching “Peak China,” to coin a phrase.   Of course, that neither diminishes it’s power nor does it make it less dangerous – remember, Germany reached its peak before it launched two world wars to challenge British hegemony.

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